Behavioural Finance

Risk tolerance questionnaires are widely used in investment advisory to assess clients’ attitudes toward risk. However, these tools often provide only a partial view. Traditional assessments struggle to capture the full spectrum of an investor’s cognitive, psychological, and behavioural traits—highlighting the need for a deeper and more dynamic approach to profiling. Relying on self-reflection and hypothetical scenarios often fails to reflect how investors truly behave under real-world financial stress. Using a one-off, static assessment for a long-term and evolving trait like risk tolerance is fundamentally inadequate. Reducing such a complex construct to a short questionnaire risks producing inconsistent, incomplete, and potentially misleading results. Understanding real behaviour—not just stated or one-time preferences—is key to creating effective assessments that support investors in building long-term financial strategies.